Wednesday, June 17, 2009

aleqsandriis Suqura

msoflios meSvide saocrebaa aleqsandriis Suqura. aleqsandriam gaamarTla mefis imedebi. qalaqi Zalian swrafad gadaiqca xmelTaSua zRvis erT-erT ayvavebul metropoliad. Tavad aleqsandre Suquris damTavrebas ver moeswro. koSkis msenebloba mxolod misi gardacvalebidan 23 wlis Semdeg daiwyo.
es iyo uzarmazari nageboba, istoriaSi pirveli namdvili koSki. moedanze idga 71m simaRlis swor kuTxedi, romelic wverosken odnav viwrovdeboda. zeda platformaze iyo koSkis meore nawili, 34m simaRlis rvakuTxa nageboba. mas agvirgvinebda mrgvali nageboba, romelSic Suquris mowyobiloba iyo moTavsebuli. koSkis bolo svetebze dayrdnobili gumbaTis formis saxuraviT mtavrdeboda. koSkis wverodan zRvas zevsis qandakeba gadahyurebda.
aleqsandriis Suquram 1000 welze met xans gauZlo omebsa da drois qartexilebs da uvnebeli gadarCa. Tumca, manac gaiziara zogierTi saocrebis bedi: qristeSobidan 1100 wels igi miwisZvram daangria. arabebi Seecadnen mis aRdgenas, Tumca es cda marcxiT dasrulda.

rodosis kolosi

aseTi zomis qandakeba TanamedroveobisTvisac ki uCveuloa. magaliTad hamburgSi-bismarkis qandakeba 15 metri simaRlisaa, xolo miunhenSi mdgomi "bavaria"-18 metri. heliosis xelis TiTis zoma mozrdili adamianis simaRles aRemateboda, xolo misi garSemoweriloba imdenad didi iyo, rom adamiani xelebs ver Semoawvdenda.
ucnobia sad idga uzarmazari kolosi. Zveli versiis Tanaxmad, navmisadgomis orive mxares farTod gadgmul kvarcxlbekze idga, rasac dResdReobiT daujereblad miiCneven. mkvlevarebi fiqroben, rom qandakeba qalaqSi idga, saxiT aRmosavleTisaken. qandakebam mxolod 66 wels gauZlo. qristeSobamde 224 wels miwisZvram heliosi muxlebSi gadaamtvria. waqceulma qandakebam sacxovrebeli saxlebic moiyola. daaxloebiT 900 weli qandakeba imave adgilze egdo sadac miwisZvris Sedegad daeca.

mauzolusis akldama

efesodan samxreTiT, sul raRac 110 kilometris daSorebiT, mcire aziis samxreT-dasavleT kideze, mdebareobs patara qalaqi bodrumi. 2000 welze meti xnis win am adgilas iyo halikarnasosi da msoflios mexuTe saocreba-kariis mefis mauzolusis akldama.
axalgazrda tiranma (mauzolusma) mamamisis dawyebuli saqme energiulad ganagrZo. dawyebuli navsadguridan, vidre mTis cicabomde, qalaqs mtkice galavani Semoartya. aRmosavleTiT qalaqs gamoCenili moqandakis leoqaresis omis RmerTis aresis qandakeba gadmohyurebda. swored am midamoebSi dagegma mauzolusma sakuTari akldamis ageba, romelic samaradJamod Semoinaxavda mis saxelsa da didebas. is berZnuli kulturis mxurvale Tayvanismcemeli iyo, amitom akldamis asagebad adgilobrivi xuroTmoZRvrebis garda, berZeni xuroTmoZRvrebic moiwvia konkursSi monawileobisaTvis.
pirveli mauzoleumi msoflios V saocrebad mxolod misi uCveulo xuroTmoZRvruli stilis gamo rodi aRiares. akldamis reliefur frizze romelic gars akravda mTel Senobas, epoqis TvalsaCino moqandakeebi muSaobdnen. eseni iyvnen: skopasi, briaqsisi, timoTei da leo qaresi. maT Seqmnes xelovnebis ganumeorebeli nimuSebi, romrlTac gancvifrebaSi mohyavda imdroindeli msoflio.

artemides taZari

es didebuli taZari mTeli Tavisi simdidriT pativmoyvare herostatem Tavisi gaugonari saqcieliT ramdenime wuTSi gaanadgura, Tumca raRac mainc gadarCa.
nangrevebs Soris efesoelebma TiTqmis dauzianebeli artemides qandakeba ipoves. gadawyda taZris mSenebloba amjerad ufro didis da mdidrulis, vidre odesme. mTeli mcire aziidan Sesawiris gaRebis msurvelTa talRa daiZra. efesoSi fuli, samkaulebi da sxva Semowirulobani miedineboda. axalgazrda da mxcovani, Raribi Tu mdidari, yvela monawileobda amaSi. axali taZris mSenebloba maSinve daiwyo.
axali taZris mSeneblobac ramdenime aTwleuli gagrZelda. axali taZari arc amjerad iyo mxolod religiuri centri. aq gvardeboda didi Tu patara saqme, mimdinareobda aReb-micemoba. taZari umniSvnelovanesi bankis funqciasac asrulebda.
1956 wels aRmoaCines fidiasis saxelosno, sadac artemides qandakebis sami asli ipoves. zemoaRniSnuli nivtebi daculia qalaqebis efesosa da selCukis museumebSi.

xeofsis piramida

piramida gizeSi, romelic misi aRmSeneblis, egviptis faraon xeofsis saxels atarebs, dRemde SemorCenili uZvelesi saocari qmnilebaa. mas, grandiozulobis gamo, "did piramidasac" uwodeben da msoflios saocrebaTa siaSi pirvel adgilzea.
adamianis mier odesme agebul arqiteqturul qmnilebaTa Soris, CineTis kedlis Semdeg, xeofsis piramida yvelaze didia. misi simaRle 146.6 metria, rac daaxloebiT 50 sarTuliani caTambjenis simaRles utoldeba.
axalgazrda faraonma xeofsma, mamis, snofrus, gardacvalebisTanave, brZana piramidis ageba. masac, rogorc yvela mis winamorbeds, dawywbuli faraon joseridan, surda piramidaSi dakrZaluliyo. Tanac misi piramida yvela manamde arsebulze ufro didi, lamazi da mdidruli unda yofiliyo.
berZeni istorikosis perodotes gadmocemiT, mSenebloba daaxloebiT 20 wels gagrZelebula. xeofsis piramidis mSeneblobaSi monawileobda TiTqmis 100000 kaci.
adamiani, sanam piramidaze muSaobda, TavSesafars, tansacmels, sakvebsa da mcireoden fulad anazRaurebas iRebda, xolo mas Semdeg rac nilosi Tavis kalapots Tavis kalapots daubrundeboda, glexebic TavianT soflebSi brundebodnen. faraoni egviptelTaTvis mxolod mefe rodi iyo. igi RmerTad miaCndaT, amitomac yoveli egviptelisaTvis sapatio saqmed iTvleboda faraonis gansasveneblis mSeneblobaSi monawileoba.

semiramidas kiduli baRebi

antipatrosis siaSi meore adgilzea semiramidas kiduli baRebi. mis Sesaxeb bevri ram dRemde gasarkvevia. Tumca, udavoa, rom baRebi SuamdinareTSi palestinaSi mdebare qalaq babilonis mSveneba iyo. kacobriobis istoriaSi es iyo pirveli msoflio qalaqi-ganTqmuli sami grandiozuli da teqnikurad gasaocari nagebobiT: babilonis godoliT, didebuli ormagi galavniTa da semiramidas kiduli baRebiT.
Zlieri da mdidari babiloni bevrs omobda. mefe nabuqodonosor II-m 43 wliani mmarTvelobis ZiriTadi dro brZolis velze gaatara. CrdiloeTSi man daimorCila meamboxe asurelebi. dasavleTSi-sirielebi da palestinis ebraelebi. qristeSobamde 587 wels man miwasTan gaaswora ierusalimi da 70 aTasi ebraeli babilonSi gadaasaxla. "bibliaSi" es movlena "babilonis tyveobis" saxeliT moixsenieba.
gaurkvevelia, ratom ukavSireben baRebs babilonis legendarul dedofal semiramidas. is xom baRebis gaSenebamde mravali aswleulis win cxovrobda. Tanac ar arsebobs cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom nabuqodonosoris colsac semiramida erqva. arsebobs mosazreba, rom semiramida gaigivebulia qristeSobamde IX saukunis asureTis dedofal SamuramatTan.

zevsis qandakeba

zevsis mama kronosi, RmerTebisa da adamianebTa meufe,olimpos mTis erT-erT borcvze cxovrobda.misanma mas uwinaswarmetyvela,rom sakuTari vaJebidan erT-erTi taxtidan Camoagdebda.
qristeSobamde 776 wlidan dawyebuli, yovel oTx weliwadSi erTxel imarTeboda didi dResaswauli. yovel or TamaSs Soris drois monakveTs "olimpiadas " uwodebdnen. yoveli olimpiada atarebda TamaSebSi gamarjvebulis saxels. dResaswauli, romlis drosac SiSveli axalgazrda mamakacebi sportis sxvadasxva saxeobaSi gamarjvebisTvis erTmaneTs erkinebodnen, 5 dRe grZeldeboda. gamarjvebuls zeTisxilis rtoebis gvirgviniT amkobdnen.
qristeSobamde 470 wels mTel saberZneTsi Semowirulobebis akrefa daiwyes.gadawyda olimpiaSi zevsisTvis aegoT iseTi taZari, romlis badali mTels msoflioSi ar iqneboda. krefdnen fuls, agrovebdnen xelovnebis nimusebs, iaraRs, samkaulebs, yvelafers, rac zevsisTvis brwyinvale taZris agebas waadgeboda. am saqmeSi saberZneTis mTeli mosaxleoba monawileobda.
taZari qristeSobamde 456 wels dasrulda da imave wels akurTxes. igi 1m simaRlis xelovnur borcvze iyo aRmarTuli.
es qandakeba rigiT mesamea msoflios Svid saocrebaTa Soris. is erTaderTia im saocrebaTagan, romelic idga daxurul sivrceSi. qandakebis Semqmneli moqandake fidiasi aTeneli iyo. igi antikuri xanis udides xelovnad iTvleba.